Understanding Thumb Carpometacarpal (CMC) Arthritis: Symptoms, Treatment, and Recovery

What is Thumb CMC Arthritis?

Thumb CMC arthritis occurs when the cartilage in the carpometacarpal joint wears down, causing the bones to rub against each other. This condition is most common in individuals over 40, particularly women, and is often associated with:

• Aging: Natural degeneration of cartilage over time.
• Overuse: Repetitive thumb movements, such as gripping or pinching.
• Injury: Previous injuries to the thumb joint may increase the risk.
• Genetics: A family history of arthritis can also be a contributing factor.

Symptoms of Thumb CMC Arthritis

Common symptoms of thumb CMC arthritis include:

• Pain and tenderness at the base of the thumb, especially during activities that involve gripping or pinching.
• Swelling and stiffness in the joint.
• Reduced range of motion and strength in the thumb.
• A noticeable bump or deformity at the base of the thumb.
• Difficulty performing everyday tasks, such as opening jars or turning keys.

Diagnosing Thumb CMC Arthritis

A healthcare provider can diagnose thumb CMC arthritis through:

1. Physical examination: Assessing pain, swelling, and range of motion in the thumb.
2. Imaging tests: X-rays are commonly used to confirm cartilage loss and evaluate the severity of the arthritis.
3. Functional assessment: Evaluating how the condition impacts daily activities.

Treatment Options for Thumb CMC Arthritis

Treatment for thumb CMC arthritis focuses on relieving pain, improving joint function, and preventing further degeneration. Options include:

Non-Surgical Treatments

• Splinting: Wearing a thumb splint can provide support and reduce strain on the joint.
• Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen can help manage pain and inflammation.
• Cortisone injections: These provide temporary relief by reducing inflammation in the joint.
• Physical therapy: Exercises to strengthen the surrounding muscles and improve joint stability.
• Lifestyle modifications: Avoiding repetitive thumb movements and using assistive devices for daily tasks.

Surgical Treatments

Surgery is considered for severe cases that do not respond to conservative treatments. Common surgical options include:

• Ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI): A procedure to remove the arthritic bone and replace it with a tendon graft.
• Joint fusion: Fusing the bones in the joint to eliminate pain while sacrificing some motion.
• Joint replacement: Replacing the damaged joint with an artificial implant.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery from thumb CMC arthritis treatment depends on the chosen method:

• Non-surgical treatments: Relief can be immediate with proper management, though ongoing care is essential.
• Surgery: Full recovery may take several months and typically involves physical therapy to restore strength and mobility.

Living with Thumb CMC Arthritis

Managing thumb CMC arthritis involves a combination of treatments and lifestyle adjustments. Tips for living with this condition include:

• Using ergonomic tools and devices to reduce stress on the thumb.
• Performing hand exercises to maintain strength and flexibility.
• Applying ice or heat to the joint to relieve pain and stiffness.
• Maintaining a healthy weight to minimize joint stress.

Conclusion

Thumb CMC arthritis can be a challenging condition, but effective treatments are available to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. Whether through non-surgical methods or advanced surgical techniques, many individuals regain the ability to perform daily tasks with less pain and greater ease. If you are experiencing symptoms of thumb CMC arthritis, consult a healthcare professional to explore your treatment options and develop a personalized plan for managing the condition.

For more information on hand and joint health, visit our blog or schedule an appointment with a specialist today.